Designation:A135–05
Standard Specification for
Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe1
This standard is issued under thefixed designation A135;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1.Scope*
1.1This specification2covers two grades of electric-resistance-welded steel pipe in NPS2to NPS30inclusive, with nominal(average)wall thickness up to0.500in.(1
2.70 mm),inclusive,and in nominal sizes NPS3⁄4to NPS5 inclusive with nominal(average)wall thickness0.083in.(2.11 mm)to0.134in.(
3.40mm),depending on size.Pipe having other dimensions(Note1)may be furnished provided such pipe complies with all other requirements of this specification. The pipe is intended for conveying gas,vapor,water or other liquid;only Grade A is adapted forflanging and bending(Note 2).The suitability of pipe for various purposes is somewhat dependent upon its dimensions,properties,and conditions of service,so that the purpose for which the pipe is intended should be stated in the order.The pipe may be furnished either nonexpanded or cold expanded at the option of the manufac-turer.When pipe is cold expanded,the amount of expansion shall not exceed1.5%of the outside diameter pipe size.
N OTE1—A comprehensive listing of standardized pipe dimensions is contained in ASME B36.10.
N OTE2—This provision is not intended to prohibit the cold bending of Grade B pipe.
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.The SI values,given in parentheses,are for information only.
2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:3
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A700Practices for Packaging,Marking,and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment
A751Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A865Specification for Threaded Couplings,Steel,Black and Zinc-Coated(Galvanized)Welded or Seamless,for Use in Steel Pipe Joints
A941Terminology Relating to Steel,Stainless Steel,Re-lated Alloys,and Ferroalloys
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-ing
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E59Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination of Chemical Composition4
E213Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and Tubing
E273Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of the Weld Zone of Welded Pipe and Tubing
E309Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tu-bular Products Using Magnetic Saturation
2.2ANSI Standard:
B1.20.1Pipe Threads,General Purpose5
2.3Federal Standards:
Fed.STD No.123Marking for Shipments(Civil Agencies)6 Fed.STD No.183Continuous Identification Marking of Iron and Steel Products6
2.4Military Standards:
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MIL-STD-129Marking for Shipment and Storage7
MIL-STD-163Steel Mill Products,Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage7
2.5ASME Standard:
B36.10Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe5,8
3.Terminology
3.1For definitions of terms relating to steel manufacturing and properties,refer to Terminology A941.
1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01on Steel, Stainless Steel,and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.09on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved March1,2005.Published March2005.Originally approved in1931.Last previous edition approved in2001as A135–01.
2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications,see related Specifi-cation SA-135in Section II of that Code.
3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or contact ASTM Customer Service at For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4Withdrawn.
5Available from American National Standards Institute,11West42nd St.,13th Floor,New York,NY10036.
6Available from General Service Administration,Washington,DC20405.
7Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,Bldg.4Section D,700 Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia,PA19111–5094.Attn.:NOPD.
8Available from ASME International,Three Park Avenue,New York,NY 10016–5990.
1
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.
3.2For definitions of terms relating to mechanical testing,refer to Terminology E 6.
3.3Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3.1burr ,n —a rough or sharp edge left on pipe ends by cutting or sawing.
3.3.2lot ,n —all pipe of the same size,wall thickness and rolled length that is produced from the same heat of steel and subject to the same heat treatment.
3.3.3black thread ,n —a thread crease exhibiting the origi-nal pipe surface after machining.
4.Ordering Information
4.1Orders for material under this specification should include the following,as required,to describe the desired material adequately:
4.1.1Quantity (feet or number of lengths),
4.1.2Name of material (electric-resistance-welded pipe),4.1.3Specification designation and year of issue,4.1.4Grade (see Table 1),
4.1.5Size (nominal size,or outside diameter;and nominal wall thickness),
4.1.6Length (specific or random,see 12.4),4.1.7End finish (plain or threaded,see 13.2),4.1.7.1Threaded and coupled,if specified,4.1.7.2Threads only,if specified,4.1.7.3Plain end,if specified,
4.1.8Alternative electric test (see Section 11),4.1.9Tension test specimen (see Section 15),4.1.10Heat analysis,if required (see 6.1),
4.1.11Certificate of compliance,if required (see Section 19),and
4.1.12Special requirements.
5.Manufacture
5.1The steel shall be made by either or both of the following processes:basic-oxygen or electric-furnace.
5.2Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast.When steels of different grades are sequentially strand cast,identifi-cation of the resultant transition material is required.The producer sh
all remove the transition material by any estab-lished procedure that positively separates the grades.
5.3The pipe shall be manufactured from flat rolled steel in individual lengths or in continuous length by electric-resistance or electric-induction welding without the addition of extrane-ous material.
5.4The weld seam of electric-resistance welded pipe to Grade B pipe shall be heat treated after welding to a minimum temperature of 1000°F (540°C)or processed in such a manner that no untempered martensite remains.
6.Chemical Composition
6.1The steel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 2,based on the heat analysis.When specified in the order,the heat analyses shall be reported to the purchaser or a representative of the purchaser.
7.Product Analysis
7.1An analysis may be made by the purchaser on samples of pipe selected at random and shall conform to the require-ments specified in Table 2.Methods and Practices relating to chemical analysis shall be in accordance with Test Method,Practices,and Terminology A 751.
8.Mechanical Properties Requirements 8.1Tensile Properties :
8.1.1The material shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 1.
8.1.2The yield strength shall be determined by the offset method utilizing 0.2%of the gage length or by the total extension under load method using 0.5%of the gage length.8.1.3Longitudinal test specimens shall be full-size longitu-dinal test specimens (see Figure A2.1of Test Methods and Definitions A 370)or longitudinal strip test specimens (see Specimen No.4in Fig.A2.3of Test Methods and Definitions A 370).
TABLE 1Tensile Requirements
Grade A
Grade B Tensile strength,min,ksi (MPa)48(331)60(414)Yield strength,min,ksi (MPa)
30(207)35(241)Elongation in 2in.(50mm),min,%:
For pipe having a specified wall thickness of 5⁄16in.(7.9mm)or more,if tested using a longitudinal strip test specimen.
35
30
For pipe having a specified wall thickness of less than 5⁄16in.(7.9mm),if tested using a longitudinal strip test specimen.
A
B
For pipe of any size,if tested using a full-size longitudinal test specimen.
3530
A
The minimum elongation shall be determined by the following equation,with the calculated value rounded to the nearest percent:
E 556t 116.5
where:
E =elongation in 2in.(50mm),minimum,%,and t =specified wall thickness,in.
B
The minimum elongation shall be determined by the following equation,with the calculated value rounded to the nearest percent:
E 548t 114
where:
E =elongation in 2in.(50mm),minimum,%,and t =specified wall thickness,
in.
2
8.2The test specimen taken across the weld shall show a tensile strength not less than the minimum tensile strength specified for the grade of pipe ordered.This test will not be required for pipe under NPS 8.
9.Flattening Test
9.1A specimen at least 4in.(102mm)in length shall be flattened cold between parallel plates in three steps with the weld located either 0°or 90°from the line of direction of force as required in 9.2.During the first step,which is a test for ductility of the weld,no cracks or breaks on the inside or outside surfaces shall occur until the distance between the plates is less than two thirds of the original outside diameter of the pipe.As a second step,the flattening shall be continued.During the second step,which is a test for ductility exclusive of the weld,no cracks or breaks on the inside or outside surfaces shall occur until the distance between the plates is less than one third of the original outside diameter of the pipe but is not less than five times the wall thickness of the pipe.During the third step,which is a test for soundness,the flattening shall be continued until the specimen breaks or the opposite walls of the pipe meet.Evidence of laminated or unsound material or of incomplete weld that is revealed during the entire flattening test shall be cause for rejection.
9.2For pipe produced in single lengths,the flattening test specified in 9.1shall be made on both crop ends cut from each length of pipe.The tests from each end shall be made alternately with the weld at 0°and at 90°from the line of direction of force.For pipe produced in multiple lengths,the flattening test shall be made on crop ends representing the front and back of each coil with the weld at 90°from the line of direction of force,and on two intermediate rings representing each coil with the weld 0°from the line of direction of force.9.3Surface imperfections in the test specimen before flat-tening,but revealed during the first step of the flattening test,shall be judged in accordance with the finish requirements in Section 13.
9.4Superficial cracks as a result of surface imperfections shall not be cause for rejection.
10.Hydrostatic Test
10.1Except as provided for in 10.3,each length of pipe shall be hydrostatically tested at the mill,without leakage through the wall,to a pressure calculated from the following Eq 1:
P 52St /D
(1)
where:
P =minimum hydrostatic test pressure,psi,(MPa).The
test pressure need not exceed 2500psi (17.24MPa),
S =allowable fiber stress 18000psi (124MPa)for Grade
A and 21000psi (144MPa)for Grade B.This does not prohibit testing at higher pressure at the manufac-turer’s option,
t =specified wall thickness,in.,and D =specified outside diameter,in.
Plain end pipe may be tested at the discretion of the manufacturer in single lengths or in multiple lengths.
10.2The hydrostatic pressure shall be maintained for not less than 5s.
10.3When specified in the order,pipe may be furnished without hydrostatic testing,and each length so furnished shall include with the mandatory marking the letters “NH.”
N OTE 3—This provision is not intended to apply to light wall (Schedule 10)pipe listed in Table X1.1.
10.4When certification is required by the purchaser and the hydrostatic test has been omitted,the certification shall clearly state “Not Hydrostatically Tested.”The specification number and material grade,as shown on the certification,shall be followed by the letters “NH.”
11.Nondestructive Examination Requirements
11.1As an alternate to the hydrostatic test,and when accepted by the purchaser,each pipe shall be tested with a nondestructive electric test in accordance with Practice E 213,Practice E 273,or Practice E 309.It is the intent of this test to reject pipe containing defects.
11.2Recognized methods for meeting this test are electro-magnetic (eddy current)or ultrasonic.
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11.3The following information is for the benefit of the user of this specification: 11.3.1The ultrasonic examination referred to in this speci-fication is intended to detect longitudinal imperfections having a reflective area similar to or larger than the reference notch.The examination may not detect circumferentially oriented imperfections of short,deep imperfections.
11.3.2The eddy-current examination referenced in this specification has the capability of detecting significant imper-fections,especially of the short,abrupt type.
11.3.3The hydrostatic test referred to in Section 10is a test method provided for in many product specifications.This test has the capability of finding imperfections of a size permitting the test fluid to leak through the tube wall and may be either visually seen or detected by a loss of pressure.This test may not detect very tight,through-the-wall imperfections or imper-fections that extend an appreciable distance into the wall without complete penetration.
11.3.4A purchaser interested in ascertaining the nature (type,size,location,and orientation)of imperfections that can be detected in the specific application of these examinations should discuss this with the manufacturer of the tubular product.
11.4In order to accommodate the various types of nonde-structive electric testing equipment and techniques in use,the calibration pipe shall contain,at the option of the producer,any one or more of the following discontinuities to establish a minimum sensitivity level for rejection:
TABLE 2Chemical Requirements
Composition,max,%
Element
Grade A Grade B Carbon 0.250.30Manganese 0.95 1.20Phosphorus 0.0350.035Sulfur
0.035
0.035
3
11.4.1Drilled Hole—A hole not larger than0.031-in.(0.8-mm)diameter shall be drilled radially and completely through pipe wall,preferably in the weld area,care being taken to avoid distortion of the pipe while drilling.
11.4.2Transverse Tangential Notch—A notch shall befiled or milled tangential to the surface and transverse to the longitudinal axis of the pipe preferably in the weld area.Said notch shall have a depth not exceeding12.5%of the nominal wall thickness of the pipe or0.004in.,(0.10mm),whichever i
s greater.
11.4.3Longitudinal Notch—A notch0.031in.(0.8mm)or less in width shall be machined in a radial plane parallel to the pipe axis on the outside surface of the pipe preferably in the weld area,to have a depth not exceeding12.5%of the nominal wall thickness of the pipe or0.004in.(0.10mm),whichever is greater.
11.5Pipe producing a signal equal to or greater than the calibration imperfection shall be rejected.
12.Dimensions,Weight,and Permissible Variations
12.1Weight—The weight of any length of pipe other than Schedule10shall not vary more than3.5%under or10%over that specified,but the carload weight shall be not more than 1.75%under the nominal weight.The weight of pipe furnished to Schedule10shall not vary more than610%from that calculated using the weight(mass)per unit length prescribed in Appendix Table X1.1.The weight of the pipe shall be calculated from the relevant equation in ASME B36.10and with a constant of10.69rather than10.68.
N OTE4—A system of standard pipe sizes has been approved by the American National Standards I
nstitute as American National Standard for Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe(ASME B36.10).
12.2Diameter—The outside diameter shall not vary more than61%from the nominal size specified.
12.3Minimum Wall Thickness—The minimum wall thick-ness at any point shall be not more than12.5%under the specified wall thickness.
长岛的雪N OTE5—The minimum wall thickness on inspection is shown in Table X1.2of the Appendix.
12.4Lengths:
12.4.1Except as allowed in12.4.2,pipe shall be furnished in lengths averaging38ft(11.6m)or over,with a minimum length of20ft(6.1m),but no more than5%may be under32 ft(9.8m).Jointers made by welding are permissible.When threaded pipe is ordered,jointers shall be made by threaded connections and shall not exceed5%of the order.
12.4.2Unless otherwise specified,Schedule10pipe shall be between16and22ft(4.9and6.7m)for a minimum of90% of the footage furnished,with any balance being shorter lengths at least8ft(2.4m)long.
13.Workmanship,Finish,and Appearance
13.1Thefinished pipe shall be reasonably straight and free of defects.Surface inperfections in excess of12.5%of the nominal wall thickness shall be considered defects.
13.2End Finish:
13.2.1Schedule10Pipe—Pipe furnished to Schedule10 shall be plain end only.All inside and outside cutting burrs shall be removed.This generally involves breaking the corners.
13.2.2Ends,Plain End Pipe—Unless otherwise specified, plain end pipe for use with the Dresser or Dayton type coupling shall be reamed both outside and inside sufficiently to remove all burrs.Plain end pipe for welding shall be beveled on the outside to an angle of30°with a tolerance of+5°and–0°and with a width offlat at the end of the pipe of1⁄16+/–1⁄32in.(1.6 +/–0.8mm).When material is ordered beveled to any other than a30°angle,it should be understood that the angle is to be measured from a line drawn perpendicular to the axis of the pipe.This means that a greater amount of material is removed with a60°angle than with a30°angle.Pipe shall be sufficiently free from indentations,projections,or roll marks for a distance of8in.(203mm)from the end of the pipe to make a tight joint with the rubber gasket type of coupling.All plain end pipe intended for Dresser or Dayton ty
pe joints or for welding,sizes NPS10and smaller in outside diameter speci-fied,shall be not more than1⁄32in.(0.8mm)smaller than the outside diameter specified for a distance of8in.(203mm) from the ends of the pipe and shall permit the passing for a distance of8in.(203mm)of a ring gage that has a bore1⁄16in.
(1.6mm)larger than the outside diameter specified of the pipe. Sizes larger than NPS10shall be not more than1⁄32in.(0.8 mm)smaller than the nominal outside diameter for a distance of8in.(203mm)from the end of the pipe and shall permit the passing for a distance of8in.(203mm)of a ring gage which has a bore3⁄32in.(2.4mm)larger than the nominal outside diameter of the pipe.
13.2.3Ends,Threaded Pipe—Each end of threaded pipe shall be reamed to remove all burrs.All threads shall be in accordance with the American National Standard Pipe Threads (Note6)and cut so as to make a tight joint when the pipe is tested at the mill to the specified internal hydrostatic pressure. The variation from the standard,when tested with the standard working gage,shall not exceed one and one-half turns either way.Pipe shall not be rounded by hammering in order to get a full thread.There shall be not more than two black threads for 3⁄4-in.(19.0-mm)taper among the perfect threads.Black threads should not be confused with imperfect threads,such as those torn,shaven,or broken.
N OTE6—A complete description of the American National Standard Pipe Threads applicable to pipe,valves,andfittings is contained in the American National Standard for Pipe Threads(ANSI B1.20.1);also“Screw-Thread Standards for Federal Services,1942,”National Bureau of Standards Handbook H28,January,1942,the pertinent data in both sources being identical.
13.3Couplings—Each length of threaded pipe shall be provided with one coupling manufactured in accordance with Specification A865except that the coupling may be wrought iron(Note7).Threads shall be cut so as to make a tight joint. Taper-tapped couplings shall be furnished on all weights of threaded pipe NPS21⁄2and larger.
N OTE7—For sizes NPS2and smaller,it is commercial practice to furnish straight-tapped couplings for standard-weight(Schedule40)pipe and taper-tapped couplings for extra-strong(Schedule80)and double-extra-strong pipe.If taper-tapped couplings are required for sizes NPS
2 4
and smaller on standard weight(Schedule40)pipe,line pipe in accor-dance with Specification5L of the American Petroleum Institute should be ordered,thread lengths to be in accordance with the American National Standard for Pipe Threads(ANSI B1.20.1).Taper-tapped couplings for sizes NPS2and smaller in standard weight may be used on mill-threaded standard weight type of the same size.
13.4Protective Coating:
13.4.1After the pipe has been subjected to the hydrostatic test,and if required by the purchaser,it shall be thoroughly cleaned of all dirt,oil,grease,loose scale,and rust;then dried, and given a protective coating of the kind and in the manner specified by the purchaser.Pipe furnished to Schedule10shall be normally shipped with a light coating of processing oil.If so specified,the pipe can be given a mill coating or a special coating.
14.Weld Repair
14.1Welding Repair—
14.2Defects in the pipe wall,provided their depth does not exceed one third the specified wall thickne
ss,shall be repaired by electric welding.Defects in the welds such as sweats or leaks,unless otherwise specified,shall be repaired or the piece rejected at the option of the manufacturer.Repairs of this nature shall be made by completely removing the defect, cleaning the cavity,and then electric welding.
14.3All repaired pipe shall be retested hydrostatically in accordance with Section10.
15.Sampling
15.1Chemical Analysis:
15.1.1Samples for chemical analysis,except for spectro-chemical analysis,shall be taken in accordance with Practice E59.The number of samples shall be determined as follows: NPS Numbers of Samples Selected Under62from each lot of400pipes or fraction
thereof
6to20,incl2from each lot of200pipes or fraction
感染效应潘生丁thereof
Over20to30,incl2from each lot of100pipes or fraction
thereof
15.2Tension Test:
15.2.1One longitudinal tension test shall be made on length (Note8)from each lot of400lengths or fraction thereof of each size under NPS8and one transverse body and one transverse weld tension test on one length from each lot of200 lengths or fraction thereof of each size NPS8to NPS20and on one length from each lot of100lengths or fraction thereof of each size over NPS20to NPS30.When taken from the skelp,the number of tests shall be determined in the same manner as when taken from thefinished pipe.ua
N OTE8—Length is defined as the length as ordered,except that in the case of orders for cut lengths shorter than double random,which is defined as the length as rolled,prior to cutting to the required short lengths. 15.3Flattening Test:
15.3.1Theflattening test specified in9.1shall be made on both crop ends cut from each length of pipe.When pipe is produced in multiple lengths,flattening tests are required on the crop ends from the front and back ends of each coil and on two intermediate rings representing each coil.
15.4Hydrostatic Test:
15.4.1Each length of pipe shall be subjected to the hydro-static test specified in Section10.
16.Test,Retest,and Resampling
16.1Chemical Analysis:
16.1.1If the results of the analysis of either length of pipe does not conform to the requirements specified in Section7, analyses of two additional lengths from the same lot shall be made,each of which shall conform to the requirements specified.
16.2Tension Test:
16.2.1The test specimens and the tests required by this specification shall conform to those described in Test Methods and Definitions A370,except that all specimens shall be tested at room temperature.
16.2.2The longitudinal tension test specimen shall be taken from the end of the pipe,or by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser may be taken from the skelp, at a point app
roximately90°from the weld,and shall not be flattened between gage marks.The sides of each specimen shall be parallel between gage marks.At the manufacturer option, the tension test may be made on full section of pipe.
16.2.3Transverse weld test specimens shall be taken with the weld at the center of the specimen.Transverse body test specimens shall be taken opposite to the weld.All transverse test specimens shall be approximately11⁄2in.(38.1mm)wide in the gage length and shall represent the full wall thickness of the pipe from which the specimen was cut.
16.2.4If any test specimen shows defective machining or developsflaws not associated with the quality of the steel or the welding,it may be discarded and another specimen substituted.
16.2.5If the results of the tension tests of any lot do not conform to the requirements specified in9.1,retests of two additional lengths from the same lot shall be made,each of which shall conform to the requirements specified.
16.2.6If the percentage of elongation of any tension test specimen is less than that specified in8.1,and any part of the fracture is more than3⁄4-in.(19.0-mm)from the center of the gage length as indicated by scribe scratches marked on the specimen before testing,the specimen may be discarde
d and another substituted.
16.3Flattening Test:
16.3.1Specimens forflattening tests shall be smooth at the ends and free from burrs.
16.3.2If any section of the pipe fails to comply with the requirements of9.1,for pipe produced in single lengths,other sections may be cut from the same end of the same length until satisfactory tests are obtained,except that thefinished pipe shall not be shorter than80%of its length after the initial cropping;otherwise,the length shall be rejected.For pipe produced in multiple lengths,retests may be cut from each end of each individual length in the multiple;such tests shall be made with the weld alternately0°and90°from the line of direction of force.
16.4All specimens shall be tested at room temperature.
17.Inspection
17.1The inspector representing the purchaser shall have free entry,at all times while work on the contract of
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