Designation:A 311/A 311M –04
Standard Specification for
Cold-Drawn,Stress-Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to Mechanical Property Requirements 1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 311/A 311M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revisi
on.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e )indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1.Scope*
1.1This specification covers two classes,nine grades,and four conditions of stress-relieved cold-drawn carbon steel bars produced to mechanical property requirements.One class,B,is cold drawn with higher than normal (heavy)drafts to provide higher strength levels,and four grades provide improved machinability.
1.2Supplementary Requirements,S1through S6,of an optional nature are provided.
1.3The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded as the standard.Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents,therefore,each system must be used inde-pendently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
2.Referenced Documents 2.1ASTM Standards:2
A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars,Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished,General R
equirements for
A 108Specification for Steel Bar,Carbon and Alloy,Cold-Finished
A 370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
E 527Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)3.Terminology 3.1Definitions:
3.1.1stress relieving —heating to a suitable temperature,holding long enough to reduce residual stresses,and then cooling slowly enough to minimize the development of new residual stresses.
3.2Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1heavy draft —Using higher than normal drafts (ap-proximately 10%through 35%reduction),followed by stress relieving,produces higher tensile and yield strengths provided an appropriate composition is used;for example,medium carbon with normal or higher manganese content.
4.Classification
4.1The bars are furnished in the following classes and grades,and in the conditions shown in 6.4.
4.1.1Class A —Normal-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved rounds,squares,hexagons,and flats in the following grades:3
Grades UNS Designations 3
1018G101801035G103501045G104501050G105001541G154101117G111701137G113701141G114101144
G11440
4.1.2Class B —Heavy-draft cold-drawn and stress-relieved rounds and hexagons in the following grades:
Grade UNS Designations 3
1045G104501050G105001541G154101141G114101144
G11440
5.Ordering Information
5.1Orders for material under this specification should include the following information as required to
adequately describe the desired material:
5.1.1Quantity (weight [mass]or number of pieces),
5.1.2Name of material (carbon steel bars,cold drawn,stress relieved),
5.1.3Condition 8.3,
5.1.4Cross-sectional shape,5.1.5Size,5.1.6Length,
5.1.7Class and grade,
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.15on Bars.
Current edition approved March 1,2004.Published April 2004.Originally approved in 1947.Last previous edition approved in 2000as A 311/A 311M–95(2000).2
For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or contact ASTM Customer S
ervice at For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
New designation established in accordance with Practice E 527and SAE J 1086.
1
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright ©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United
States.
5.1.8Report of heat analysis,tensile properties Section 11,5.1.9ASTM designation A 311or A 311M,5.1.10Application,
5.1.11Leaded steel,when required (see Table 1,footnote A),
jiang core
5.1.12Supplementary requirements,if any,and 5.1.13Additional requirements,if any.
N OTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows:10000lb carbon steel bars,cold drawn,stress relieved turned and polished,round 2.0in.(50.8mm)Diameter,10to 12ft (3048to 3658mm)long,Class B,Grade 1050,(UNS G 10500),fine grain,test reports required,ASTM A 311/A 311M dated____,hydraulic cylinder piston rods.[5000
kg carbon steel bars,cold drawn,stress relieved turned and polished round 50mm diameter,3050to 3650mm long,Class B,Grade 1050(UNS G 10500),fine grain,test reports required,ASTM A 311M dated ____,hydraulic cylinder piston rods.]
6.Materials and Manufacture
6.1Melting Practice —The steel shall be made by one or more of the following primary processes:open-hearth,basic-oxygen,or electric-furnace.The primary melting may incor-porate separ
ate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting using electroslag remelting or vacuum arc remelting.Where secondary melting is employed,the heat shall be defined as all of the ingots remelted from a single primary heat.
6.2Cold Working :
谷氨酰胺合成酶
6.2.1Class A bars shall be cold drawn using normal drafting practices.
6.2.2Class B bars shall be cold drawn using heavy (higher than normal)drafting practices.
6.3Thermal Treatment —After cold drawing,the bars shall be stress relieved at a temperature of not less than 550°F [288°C]to meet the mechanical requirements specified in Table 2.
6.4Condition —The bars shall be furnished in the following cold finish conditions,as specified:6.4.1Cold drawn,stress relieved;
6.4.2Cold drawn,stress relieved,turned,and polished;6.4.3Cold drawn,stress relieved,turned,ground,and pol-ished;and
6.4.4Cold drawn,stress relieved,ground,and polished.
N OTE 2—When turned bars are specified,turning may be performed prior to cold-drawing.
7.Chemical Composition
7.1Composition —The cast or heat analysis shall conform to the chemical composition requirements specified in Table 1for the grade ordered.
8.Mechanical Properties
8.1Requirements —The bars shall conform to the require-ments listed in Table 2.
8.2Number of Tests —At least one tension test shall be made on each lot.A lot shall consist of bars of the same size from the same heat which have been stress relieved in the same stationary furnace charge.For continuous type of treatment,a lot shall consist of 25tons [25Mg]or less of the same size of each heat,treated in the same cycle.
8.3Specimens —Tension test specimens shall be taken lon-gitudinally in accordance with and from the locations specified in Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
8.4Test Methods —Tension tests shall be made in accor-dance with Test Methods and Definitions A
370.The yield strength shall be determined at 0.2%offset or at 0.005in./in.[0.005mm/mm]of gage length,total extension under load.9.Workmanship,Finish,and Appearance
9.1Surface Finish —Unless otherwise specified,the bars shall have a commercial bright smooth surface finish consistent with the cold finishing operations specified in 6.4.
9.2Bars that are thermal treated after cold finishing may have a discolored or oxidized surface.
9.3Oiling —The bars shall be given a surface coating of oil or other rust inhibitor to protect against rust during shipment.9.4Workmanship —The bars shall be free of pipe,cracks,and flakes.Within the limits of good manufacturing and inspection practices,the bars shall be free of injurious seams,laps,segregation,or other imperfections that,due to their nature,degree,or extent,will interfere with the use of the material in machining or fabrication of suitable parts.10.General Requirements
10.1Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the requirements of the current edition of Specification A 29/A 29M and/or Specification A 108unless otherwise stated.
11.Certification and Test Reports
11.1A manufacturer’s certification that the material was manufactured and tested in accordance with
this specification together with a report of the heat analysis and tension test results shall be furnished at the time of shipment (if requested).The report shall include the name of the manufacturer,ASTM designation and year date and revision letter,if any,class and grade,heat number,size,and grain size (if requested).12.Keywords
12.1carbon steel bars;cold finished steel bars;steel bars
TABLE 1Chemical Requirements (Cast or Heat Analysis)A
UNS Designation Grade
Carbon,%Manga-nese,%Phos-phorus,max %Sulfur,%
G1018010180.15-0.200.60-0.900.0400.050max G1035010350.32-0.380.60-0.900.0400.050max G1045010450.43-0.500.60-0.900.0400.050max G1050010500.48-0.550.60-0.900.0400.050max G1541015410.36-0.44 1.35-1.650.0400.050max
G1117011170.14-0.20 1.00-1.300.0400.08-0.13G1137011370.32-0.39 1.35-1.650.0400.08-0.13G1141011410.37-0.45 1.35-1.650.0400.08-0.13G11440
1144
0.40-0.48
1.35-1.65
0.040
0.24-0.33
A
When lead is required as an added element to a standard steel,a range from 0.15to 0.35%inclusive,is specified.Such a steel is identified by inserting the letter “L”between the second and third numerals of the grade designation,for example,10L45.A cast or heat analysis is not determinable when lead is added to the ladle
stream.
TABLE 2Mechanical Requirements
Class A—Normal Draft Cold Drawn and Stress Relief Annealed
UNS No.
Grade Designation Diameter,Thickness,or Distance Between
Parallel Faces,in.[mm]
Tensile Strength,min,ksi [MPa]
Yield Strength,min,ksi [MPa]
Elongation in 2in.[50mm],min,%
Reduction of Area,min,%
G10180
甲苯二异氰酸酯用途1018
Up to 7⁄8[20],incl
70[485]60[415]1840Over 7⁄8[20]to 11⁄4[30],incl 65[450]55[380]1640Over 11⁄4[30]to 2[50],incl 60[415]50[345]1535Over 2[50]to 3[75],incl 55[380]45[310]1535G103501035
Up to 7⁄8[20],incl
85[590]75[520]1335Over 7⁄8
[20]to 11⁄4[30],incl 80[550]70[485]1235Over 11⁄4[30]to 2[50],incl 75[520]65[450]1235Over 2[50]to 3[75],incl
70[485]60[415]1030G104501045
Up to 7⁄8[20],incl
95[655]85[585]1235Over 7⁄8
[20]to 11⁄4[30],incl 90[620]80[550]1130Over 11⁄4[30]to 2[50],incl 85[585]75[520]1030Over 2[50]to 3[75],incl
80[550]70[485]1030G105001050Up to 7⁄8[20],incl
100[690]90[620]1135and and Over 7⁄8
[20]to 11⁄4[30],incl 95[655]85[585]1130G15410G1541
Over 11⁄4[30]to 2[50],incl 90[620]80[550]1030Over 2[50]to 3[75],incl
85[585]75[520]1030G111701117
Up to 7⁄8[20],incl
75[520]65[450]1540Over 7⁄8
[20]to 11⁄4[30],incl 70[485]60[415]1540Over 11⁄4[30]to 2[50],incl 65[450]55[380]1335Over 2[50]to 3[75],incl
60[415]50[345]1230G113701137Up to 7⁄8[20],incl
kh57095[655]90[620]1135and and Over 7⁄8
[20]to 11⁄4[30],incl 90[620]85[585]1130G114101141
Over 11⁄4[30]to 2[50],incl 85[585]80[550]1030Over 2[50]to 3[70],incl
80[550]75[520]1030G114401144
Up to 7⁄8[20],incl
105[725]95[655]1030Over 7⁄8
[20]to 11⁄4[30],incl 100[690]90[620]1030Over 11⁄4[30]to 2[50],incl 95[655]85[585]1025Over 2[50]to 3[70],incl 90[620]80[550]1020Over 3[70]to 41⁄2[115],incl
85
[585]
75[520]
10
20
Class B—Heavy Draft Cold Drawn and Stress Relieved Annealed
UNS No.Grade Designation in.[mm],Round or Hexagon A Tensile Strength,min,ksi [MPa]
Yield Strength,min,ksi [MPa]Elongation in 2in.[50mm],min,%
Reduction of Area,min,%
G10450
1045
Up to 7⁄8[20]incl
115[795]100[690]1025Over 7⁄8
[20]to 11⁄4[30],incl 115[795]100[690]1025Over 11⁄4[30]to 2[50],incl 115[795]100[690]1025Over 2[50]to 3[75],incl 115[795]100[690]925Over 3[75]to 4[102],incl
105[725]90[620]720G105001050Up to 7⁄8[20],incl
115[795]100[690]825G154101541Over 7⁄8[20]to 11⁄4[30],incl 115[795]100[690]825G114101141Over 11⁄4[30]to 2[50],incl 115[795]100[690]825and and Over 2[50]to 3[75],incl 115[795]100[690]820G11440
1144Over 3[75]to 41⁄2[115],incl
115
[795]
100
[690]
7
20
A
Maximum size for hexagons is 1½in.[40mm].
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the pur
chaser in the inquiry or order.Details of these requirements shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S1.Special Surface
S1.1When inspection standards more restrictive than visual inspection are required,special surface may be specified.
S2.Restricted Cast or Heat Analysis
S2.1When required,the purchaser may specify restrictive cast or heat analysis limits on one or more elements.The degree of restriction and the number of elements so restricted are both subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S3.Restricted Decarburization
S3.1The purchaser may specify a maximum affected depth of decarburization when required for special applications, subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the pur-chaser.
S4.Nonmetallic Inclusion Requirements(Microscopical) S4.1When nonmetallic inclusion requirement
s are speci-fied,the samples for testing shall be taken on a longitudinal direction midway between the center and the surface of the material.The area of the sample to be examined should be agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer,and the test specimen should be hardened by heating and quenched before being polished to avoid pits.The rating of the inclusion count should also be agreed upon and be based upon exami-nation at a magnification of100diameters.Resulfurized steels are not subject to inclusion ratings.
S5.Restricted Incidental Elements
S5.1The purchaser may specify limiting maximum require-ments for copper,nickel,chromium,or molybdenum subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S6.Grain Size
S6.1The steel shall conform to either the coarse austenitic grain size(except as stated in S6.2),or thefine austenitic grain size requirement of Specification A29/A29M.
S6.2Certain elements,or combinations of elements,such as manganese,sulfur,and lead tend to produce grain refinement and it is technically inappropriate to ensure coarse grain size as measured
by the McQuaid-Ehn test on high manganese,high sulfur,and leaded steels such as1144,1151,and11L41.
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01has identified the location of the following changes to this standard since A311/A311–95 (2000)that may impact the use of this standard.
(1)Added Specification A108to Referenced Documents.
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of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.2014年
南京青年奥林匹克运动会
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